At the seminar
The seminar ‘Nordic Green Capitals - Leadership, Governance, Sustainability and Innovation’ was co-hosted by the Nordic Embassies and the Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics in Hanoi on 23 March 2021 both off-line and online through video links between Hanoi and the four Nordic capitals. The seminar is an annual cooperation event aimed at strengthening the exchange of academic knowledge and experience between Vietnam and the Nordic countries. The seminar had broad participation of high-ranking representatives and policy-makers from Vietnamese government agencies, local experts, academic researchers, etc.
The seminar, which is part of the Nordic countries’ support toward Vietnam’s achievement of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular SDG 11 on the importance of making cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable, aimed to facilitate and promote the exchange of knowledge, experience and good practice between the Nordic countries and Vietnam on how to ensure that their capital cities grow in a green, innovative and sustainable manner.
For the past twenty years, Vietnam’s stable and impressive economic growth and growing urbanization rate have led to serious challenges that its cities have to cope with on issues such as air pollution, congestion, water and waste management and climate resiliency.
“One of the elements behind the Nordic countries’ success story is their persistent application of a sustainable development model, which focuses on the close connection between economic growth and social equity. Thanks to this growth model, the Nordic countries have gained enormous achievements, e.g. in regard to incredible economic growth, advanced welfare systems, protection of the environment and maintaining cultural values and identities. The model has also been a helpful reference for many countries in the world including Vietnam. In addition to the story of sustainable economic development, the Nordic countries have always put high priority and focus on protection of the environment and green and sustainable urban development. The Nordic capital cities for the past years have been appointed European Green Capitals by the EU commission. The Nordic experience in governance and development will provide helpful recommendations for big cities in Vietnam in general and for Hanoi in particular,” said Professor Dr. Duong Trung Y, Vice President of the Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics.
“We, the Nordic countries, are very pleased to be Vietnam’s long term friends and strong supporters of the country’s poverty reduction and impressive social and economic growth. Now focus is on the transition to a greener and more sustainable development. Economic security must go hand in hand with social and environmental security,” said the Nordic Ambassadors in Vietnam, adding that all the Nordic capitals of Copenhagen, Helsinki, Oslo and Stockholm have, during the last decade, made bold political and administrative decisions to address urbanization, climate change and environmental challenges. “We are very happy to share our Nordic gained knowledge and experience and hope that our Vietnamese counterparts and friends will find them inspirational and helpful for their ongoing efforts to lead the country and its cities in their transition towards green and sustainable development,” they went on to say.
The overview of the seminar
Copenhagen aims to become the world’s first carbon-neutral capital city by 2025. The city’s population is expected to grow by 20% in the next decade. This opens an opportunity to show that it is feasible to combine growth, development, innovation, job creation and enhanced quality of life with lower CO2-emissions. Copenhagen launched its first Climate Plan in 2009 and has already achieved major CO2-reductions. The city also has Environmental Policies in place, such as clean air, less noise, clean drinking water from the tap and many green spaces significantly increase people’s health and well-being.
Helsinki was the first city in Europe to prepare a Voluntary Local Review (VLR) to understand how the city’s strategy matches against the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The VLR found that the city’s strategic plans are well aligned with the SDGs. For example, the Helsinki City Plan, approved in 2016, sets a sustainable direction for the city’s growth over the next 30 or so years. Its aims include ensuring that every part of the city can be easily reached by public transport. Walking and cycling will be given top priority, and the urban structure of the city must be such that everyday services can be obtained nearby. A dense urban structure and sustainable transport play a key role in Helsinki’s climate ambitions. Helsinki’s goal is to be a carbon neutral city by 2035.
Oslo has ambitious climate goals on both mitigation and adaptation. In 2020, Oslo adopted a new ambitious climate strategy, of which the main aim is to reduce climate gas emissions from the city by 50% in relation to 1990-level within 2020 and by 95% within 2030, not by buying quotas but by implementing actual emissions cuts. A first climate budget was put into operation in 2017 as a groundbreaking governance tool. The budget is a means to show municipal agencies where emission must be cut and who is responsible, e.g. in the public transport sector and the construction sector.
In 2010, Stockholm was appointed the first European Green Capital, thanks to its carbon emissions cuts and ambitious climate goals. In 2016, Stockholm adopted the goal to be fossil fuel free in 2040. Since 1990 up until today, the city has cut its carbon emissions by 50% per citizen. In the beginning of October 2019, Stockholm launched an initiative called the C40:s Global Green New Deal. This initiative aims to gather those willing to deliver reductions in carbon emissions in line with the 1.5 degree goal set out in the Paris Agreement.
The transition of the Nordic countries’ capitals to become green and sustainable capitals, to secure and improve the quality of life for their residents and create opportunities for innovation, jobs and green growth, requires long term planning and a multi-stakeholder approach. Thus, involving local political decision makers, municipality agencies, the private sector, environmental and climate organizations, as well as mobilizing ordinary citizens has been key in setting targets and implementing policies./.